Which new universities were established under the Sadler Commission
Self Assessment Questions
1. Which new universities were established under Sadler Commission.
2. Write the changes in secondary and primary education.
12.9 Conclusion
The Sadler Commission has unique significance in the field of education. Although the Commission was appointed primarily to intervene in the problems of the University of Calcutta, its recommendations were very important for higher education in India as a whole. The recommendations of the Commission were accepted by the government and reforms and changes were introduced in Indian universities. Due to these changes, universities were no longer the only test-taking organizations. They had now become centers of teaching and research and had become more independent. The commission suggested the creation of administrative organizations and these were the model for the new universities and they also shaped the existing schools according to the new design. The new universities had a better quality than the old ones as they stood on the suggested design.
The Commission's report is a mine of information. It is a record of deep educational importance and for over thirty years it has greatly influenced the university education in India. All subsequent university related Acts have incorporated some of the recommendations contained in this report. The recommendations gave education a whole new color. In Matthew's words, 'The Calcutta University Commission report has been a constant source of suggestions and inspiration. Its importance in the history of Indian education cannot be accounted for.
(“The Report of the Calcutta University Commission has been a constant source of suggestion and inspiration. Its significance in the History of Indian Education has been incalculable.”-Mathew)
Mr. AN Basu writes, "The Commission's enduring and detailed reports include
the most comprehensive and comparative study of the Indian education system from the secondary stage to the university (" The monumental and voluminous reports of the Commission contained the most comprehensive and comparative study of the Indian Education system from the secondary stage to the university ”AN Basu)
This report is a great reference book of higher education in India. The recommendations of the Commission were highly criticized by many academicians of the time. The recommendations regarding the establishment of Unitary residential teaching were not in line with India's financial resources. There was a need to spend a lot for such universities which did not have the capability in a backward country like India. Despite these flaws, the Commission's intentions were true because it wanted to ban the government's influence to provide relief to universities from unnecessary interference.
The commission completed a great historical work. Since that time it has been a source of great inspiration for higher education in India. Since the time of the recommendations of the Commission, the reforms have been done to a large extent according to the framework suggested by it. But the problems related to the training of teachers, their salaries and their job status were not solved.
12.10 Synopsis
On 14 September 1917, the Government of India constituted a seven-member commission under the chairmanship of Dr. Michael Sadler, Vice Chancellor of the University of Leeds, as a 'Sadler Commission' to present suggestions for the study of the problems of the University of Calcutta.
The commission made suggestions to remove the defects of secondary education, University of Calcutta, Indian University and higher education, women education, teacher education, technological education, vocational education etc. . The formation of the Commission led to many qualitative and quantitative improvements in the improvement of universities, establishment of new universities, technological and vocational courses, boards of secondary and intermediate education, growth in secondary schools, medium of mother-language teaching, student interest.
The Saddler Commission also analyzed the defects related to transfer of functioning of Calcutta University and control of primary education. Significant changes like the establishment of new universities with the formation of Sadler Commission is a commendable contribution in the field of education. The formation of the Commission reflected reforms in the higher, secondary and primary sectors of education. The recommendations of the Commission have been a source of great inspiration for higher education. From the time of the recommendations of the Commission, the reforms were largely done as per the framework suggested by it.
12.11 Evaluation Questions
1. What were the reasons for the appointment of the Sadler Commission?
2. What were the recommendations of the Sadler Commission?
3. "The Saddler Commission report on the development of university education in India as a whole has broad results." Confirm this statement stating the main recommendations of the report.
4. Discuss the recommendations, merits and demerits of the Sadler Commission.
5. Which new universities were established following the recommendations of the Sadler Commission.
6. 'Despite some flaws, the Calcutta University Commission heavily influenced Indian education.' Discuss
12.12 Reference Books
1. Odd, L.K. (1990) "Philosophical Background of Education" Rajasthan Hindi Granth Academy, Jaipur
2. Baghela, Het Singh (2002) - 'Education in Modern India' Rajasthan Publications, Jaipur.
3. Bansal R.A. And Sharma Ramnath (1972) "Principles of Education" Kedarnath Ramnath, Meerut.
4. Chaubey Akhilesh and Chaubey Saryu Prasad (2002) "Philosophical historical and sociological basis of education".
5. Gupta S.P. (2003) “Development and Problems of Indian Education, Sharda Book Building, Allahabad.
6. Ruhela, Satyapal (1972) "Sociology of Education: Values, Principles and Principles" Uttar Pradesh Hindi Granth Academy, Lucknow.
7. Singh, Bijendra, Tyagi, Omkar 'Emerging Indian Society and Education' Arihant Education Publication, Jaipur.
8. Singh, Satnam (2006) - "Basic Principles of Education and Major Education Policy" Arjun Publishing House, Ansari Road, New Delhi.
9. Tripathi, Shaligram (1992) 'Shiksha Siddhant' Kanishka Publishers, Distributors, Daryaganj, New Delhi.
10. Walia, J.S. (2006) - 'Development of education system in India' Pal Publishers, Punjab.
11. Report of the University Education Commission, 1948–1949 Vol. I, Govt. Of India, Press, Shimla 1949.
12. Radha, Kumud, Mukherji, Ancient Indian Education, Delhi Motilal Banarsidas, 1951
13. Rawat, PL History of Indian Education (3rd Edition) Ram Prasad & sons, 1963.
