With the Partition of Africa, trade routes opened to various countries.
So, soon they started trying to take more and more territory. Another feature of this division was that the local rulers or chieftains there did not oppose it. For this reason, European countries could easily establish their colonies there.
Empire expansion in the Pacific Ocean -
Along with the partition of Africa, various lamps of the Pacific Ocean were also being snatched, in which in addition to European nations, the United States was also participating. By 1900, almost all the islands had got to some country. England and France arrived there first, so most of the lamps came under their purview. But even near Holland, a vast empire remained in the islands of the East Indies in the southwest of Asia.
England was first attracted to the Fiji Islands. In 1870, the British people living in Fiji requested the government of England to join Fiji in their empire. Some Australians were also in favor of establishing the sovereignty of Britain over all the lamps in the southwestern part of the Pacific Ocean. Fiji remained in disarray until 1874 AD. Finally, in January 1875, the British government incorporated Fiji into the empire as the Crown Colony.
America's right over Crown Colony
Germany attempted to take over the territories of New Guinea in 1884. He hoisted the flag of Germany there, so New Zealand and Australia became very worried. Britain had informed Germany that Australia had selfish interest on the land, so the UK wanted to retain it. Seeing the state of conflict, the two entered into an agreement on 1 April 1885, according to which Germany's dominance over the northeastern part of New Guinea and Britain's dominion over the southeastern part was accepted.
British dominion over the southeastern part
Like New Guinea, the rivalry of Britain, Germany and the United States began in the Samoa Islands. These lamps in the South Pacific were much closer to Australia and New Zealand. An agreement was reached between Britain, Germany and the United States in 1889, according to which the three states decided to keep joint control over the islands of Semoa and maintain their independence. For some years, these lamps remained under the joint patronage of the three states, but under this system it became difficult to coordinate the interests of the three states, so all three countries remained dissatisfied. In 1899, it was proposed to divide Semoa. Britain and America were ready for partition. So the three together made a treaty according to which the islands of Apol and Sawai were given to Germany, Parts of Tonga and the Salomon Islands were given to Britain and the islands of Tutuila and Pogo-Pago to the United States. Thus the distribution of territories of the Pacific Ocean was completed.
Empire expansion in Central and Western Asia -
Russia and Britain competed mainly in Central and Western Asia. Russia was disgusted with the creation of the Berlin Congress, so it began to move rapidly eastward with the idea of taking revenge on England in Central Asia. His main objective was for Russia to find ports that were open all year. For this purpose, he wanted to get ports on the coast of Constantinople to the south and the Atlantic Sea in the west. In fact, Russia's progress towards Asia began only after the Crimea War, while in 1858, it forced China to seize all the areas north of the Amur River and lay the foundation of the Bladivostak on the banks of the Pacific Ocean. . Russia had captured Tashkent (1864), Samarkand (1868), Khonka (1873) and Khoshkand (1876) in Central Asia before the Berlin Congress.
Britain's right over Afghanistan
Now he had reached the border of Afghanistan. The British government began to worry about its Indian empire. Therefore, the British invaded Afghanistan in 1878–79 AD. After removing the ruler there, he placed the second emir on the throne of Kabul, who was a friend of the British. Now Russia started moving in the other direction. He conquered Turkistan in 1881 AD and took control of Marv in 1884, This made the British government more worried. When Russia reached Panjdeh in 1885, tensions between the two countries increased further. Finally, in 1895, the two together determined the boundary of Afghanistan. In West Asia, Russia also tried to exert its influence on Persia, but England also opposed it there. In 1892, England established the Imperial Bank of Persia and provided loans to the Shah of Persia. After this, Russia also started giving loans to the government of Persia by establishing a back of loans in Persia. According to the agreement between Russia and Britain in 1907, Russia's area of influence in the northern part of Persia and Britain's area of influence in the southern part was considered, with both of them getting freedom to work in Central Persia.
Empire expansion in the Far East -
European imperialism had entered Asia long before Africa. By 1871, most of the country was divided. Russia occupied almost a third of Asia. India was under British occupation. In South East Asia, Japan and China were the only two countries where a European empire could be established, but Japan itself had become an imperialist country. Therefore China was the only country left in such a situation. Where the imperialists could establish their suzerainty. The eyes of all countries were now on China.
China, despite being a prosperous country, was in disarray, the government was weak. European states took advantage of the weakness of China and tried to seize various parts of it. The weakness of the Chinese Empire began to appear from the time of the First Opium War of 1840–42 AD. At that time England took over Hong Kong.
