England expanded empire and colonial competition
In the third step started after the First World War, Britain strengthened their devotion to themselves by providing more self-government to certain areas. After the Second World War, in the fourth step, more territories became increasingly independent one after another. Thus England gained the most in empire expansion and colonial competition, which is an example in front of the whole world.
Germany -
The German Chancellor Bismarck had no interest in colonization. He used to say, Germany is a satiated nation. In 1873 AD he said - "The colonies will become a cause of weakness for Germany because they will be protected by a powerful ship fleet, but the geographical position of Germany is such that it is not necessary to become a first class maritime power. I have been offered many colonies, but I did not accept them. ”In fact, Bismarck did not want to take hostilities with England by participating in the race for colonization. But after 1870 AD, Germany's industrial businesses developed, Due to which the merchants of Germany started feeling the need for new colonies. At the same time, Bismarck also had to concentrate on colonization in order to increase the population and national pride. Gooch wrote that - "The process of the disintegration of Africa by various nations increased the appetite of Germany and finally Bismarck had to colonize and satisfy their hunger."
Colonization
In Germany, Friedrich Fabri and Hubbe-Sehleiden launched movements for colonization. A colony council was also established there in 1882, through which the demand for colonial expansion started. Bismarck also accepted the demand for colonization to get the support of the capitalists and the upper middle class. In 1882, the German government assured Luderitz, a German merchant, to help in the task of acquiring territory in South Western Africa. Luderick obtained some land in the area of Angra Pequena and buried the German flag there. At the same time Bismarck sent Dr. Nachtigal to establish Germany's influence in the equatorial region of Africa. Dr. By the efforts of Nactigal, the flag of Germany was hoisted on Cameroons and Togoland. Britain accepted Germany's suzerainty over Cameron. .
In 1884, Karl Peters (Kari Peters) acquired 60,000 square miles of land from the Sultan of Zanzibar. The Sultan of Zanzibar opposed this, but he had to bow down due to pressure from Britain. Karl Peters then took control of the surrounding areas on behalf of the German East Africa Company, which also included parts of Somaliland. Thus the territory of German East Africa was created. Germany's imperialist ambitions also spread to the Near East. The main reason for the First World War was the resistance of Britain and Russia to stop Germany's expansion into the region. After the defeat of Germany in this war, he lost all his colonies.
Italy
Italy too reached late in the direction of empire building in Africa like Germany. Initially he tried to establish authority over Tunis. But in 1881, with the encouragement of Bismarck, France took control of it, which greatly disappointed Italy. After this incident, he tried to establish his influence in the territories along the Red Sea at the encouragement of England. He took Eritrea under him. After this, he wanted to merge some of the enjoyment of eastern Somaliland into the empire under him, but in the middle of it was the independent kingdom of Abyssinia. Therefore Italy attacked Abyssinia at the encouragement of England. But in the battle of Adova in 1896 AD, the army of Abyssinia defeated the Italian army.
Invasion of abyssinia
As a result of the Treaty of Adisababa, Italy renounced the right of patronage over Abyssinia and pledged not to expand the colony of Eritrea. The colonial expansion of Italy was postponed until a few years after the defeat of Adova, but during the Agadier crisis in 1911, Italy waged war against the weak T, and took over Tripoli and Cyrinica (now Livia). The colonies of Italy were so poor that the amount of money that Italy had to spend for them was never received by them. When Italy was defeated in World War II, it was denied all its colonies.
Portugal -
A small country like Portugal also participated in the partition of Africa. He colonized Angola in the south of the Congo region on the west coast of Africa. Portugal also established a colony on the east coast of Africa, which was called Mozambique or Portuguese East Africa. Portugal wanted her authority over the entire region across Africa that merged her eastern and western empires, namely Angola and the provinces of East Africa. But his hope was not successful
Spain -
Spain also took control of parts of Africa. He acquired some territories on the northwest coast of Africa 449. In 1906, Spain had the opportunity to set foot on the sea coast in front of Gibralter.
Division of Africa
The partition of Africa was an important event in the history of the world. One of its specialties was that the partition of the whole of Africa was done without fighting. There is no doubt that tension arose between the various nations over the partition of Africa and the possibilities of conflict began to appear. But there was no major war. The second feature of this division was that this partition was quickly spread over Huma, in just twenty-thirty-thirty years such a vast tract of land was divided. The reason for this was probably that Britain and France considered the new imperialist countries Germany and Italy as their important rivals.
