Anglo-Chinese relations between America and China
These foreign merchants in Canton also did not have the right to sell their goods to any Chinese merchant according to this. For this, a Chinese businessman was appointed an agent by Sabat in 1702 AD. Now this agent was a simultaneous representative doing business with foreigners, we can also call it the merchant of the emperor. But this system was not satisfactory and fifty years after the beginning of this system, ie in 1752 AD, in place of this sole merchant, a union of traders was formed which was called 'Co-Hog'. The number of merchants involved in the Co-Hog was thirteen. Foreign traders were benefited by the 'Co-Hog' system that these traders used to complete the formalities related to trade. Now foreign merchants did not have to deal with Chinese officials and employees. These thirteen merchant factories, Viceroys, Governors, Dandanayaks were the only means of contact between Adi. Foreign merchants depended only on the goodwill of Chinese to fulfill their personal needs and facilities. This system continued till 1842 AD. After this, it had to be ended due to the opium war.
Anglo-Chinese relations
British Part in China -
By the beginning of the 16th century, the British merchants had made an important place in Canton. In 1715, a factory was established in Canton on behalf of the East India Company. This brought a large part of Canton's business under the control of this company. Other trading countries could trade there only after obtaining license from British company. In Canton, the company's representation was under the Superintendent. The Chinese had more contact with the British than other traders. Early-stage trade was on one side. Foreign traders used to buy tea, silk and ceramic utensils etc. from China, but Chinese merchants did not like to buy any items from these foreigners, Therefore, foreign traders had to pay the price of these goods in gold or silver. Gradually, there was barter. Chinese traders were attracted to foreign goods. In China, demand for British made garments and American fur (precious skins) started increasing. At the same time, there was also a demand for opium in China.
Opium use in china
It was the British businessmen who had used the opium usage in China among the citizens there. Once opium became habitual, its demand increased day by day. Thus the British created a market for opium trade in China. Opium was cultivated in India by traders of the East India Company. Opium was brought to China from India. There the British used to give this opium as payment for Chinese goods. By the trade of this opium, the East India Company had made an important place in China. As the company's business progressed, the company continued to demand the removal of the business restrictions imposed on it. The British Government now started correspondence with the Government of China on behalf of the British East India Company, but to no avail; Neither the efforts of the agents of the company made any profit nor the intervention of the delegations of the British Government assumed the Chinese government. China had clearly stated that it would not enter into any treaty with any western country.
UK and China increase mutual trade
After Lord Amhert's failed efforts in 1816, there was a continuous rift in China and England. At the same time, mutual trade between Britain and China also increased. Most of the trade was in the form of opium imports. The Chinese government knew this fact well, so it was trying to prevent the opium trade in any way. In 1833, China ended the trade monopoly of the East India Company, so many new rivals came into the field to do business with China. On the one hand, the trade of England was progressing, so there was a need to regulate that trade; On the other hand, the Chinese government was controlling British interests. Therefore, in 1834, the British government sent Liepier to China as 'Trade Superintendent'. He was ordered to establish relations with the Chinese emperor and get facilities in the business sector and not do any anti-China work. The Chinese government wanted the British merchants to trade only under China, but Lord Napier was not ready for this. Napier died prematurely in 1834. In fact, he did not get any success in China. For the next five years, the governments of Britain and China continued in a state of uncertainty and instability. But Lord Napier was not ready for this. Napier died prematurely in 1834. In fact, he did not get any success in China. For the next five years, the governments of Britain and China continued in a state of uncertainty and instability. But Lord Napier was not ready for this. Napier died prematurely in 1834. In fact, he did not get any success in China. For the next five years, the governments of Britain and China continued in a state of uncertainty and instability.
Ban on Afrim's business -
In 1838, the question of the trade of opium was raised again, while the Chinese emperor appointed a special commissioner and gave him the right to ban the importation of opiate and opium. Commissioner Lin-tse-hoo-su began his proceedings in Canton on 10 March 1839. He issued an order that all the opium possessed by the British traders should be handed over to the Chinese authorities, failing which opium boxes would be confiscated and the traders would be punished with imprisonment. British officer Elliot handed over twenty thousand cases of opium to the Chinese officer. The Chinese authorities destroyed this opium by adding salt and lime. In addition to this action, an assurance was also sought from the British traders in writing that in future they would not trade opium in China. The British officer refused to give this assurance in writing. Finally the British businessman, On the instructions of the Superintendent of Trade, he withdrew from Canton and settled in Hong Kong. The enmity between China and Britain increased due to the orders circulated by Commissioner Lin and the methods of its execution. Trade Superintendent Elliot announced at the same time that Queen Victoria would avenge the loss from the Chinese government.
