France seizes Cochin China by taking advantage of China's weakness
After this, in 1857–58 AD, England and France forced China to accept the Treaty of Tentsin (ntsin). Through this, Britain, France, Russia, and America had to give special facilities at eleven ports of China. Now China was fully opened to foreigners.
Cochin China (Cochin-China)
Taking advantage of the weakness of China in France, established patronage over Cochin China (China) and in 1882, established the protected state of Indochina by seizing the territories of Anam and Tokin. But the actual plunder of China. Japan started. In the year 1894-95, Japan fought with China and separated the vast territory of Korea from it. Shimonoseki was signed between the two countries, according to which it had to give Port Arthur and Liao Tung Peninsula to Japan. As a result of this defeat of China, it became known to the states of Europe that the empire of China is often destroyed and many facilities can be gained by putting pressure on it. After this time, European countries started making efforts to establish business facilities and political influence.
Russia's capture of Port Arthur and the surrounding land
In 1897, two German priests were killed in China. In 1898, Germany received Kiaon-Chao's territory on a 99-year lease as a compensation by forcing China. At the same time, Tsing-Tao Port and its adjacent territories were received by Germany on these conditions. In 1898, China leased Port Arthur and the surrounding land to Russia for 25 years. After this, France attained the territory of Kwangchau at the age of 99 years. Similarly, Britain obtained the harbor of Wei-hai-Wei on the same terms as Russia. Thus at the end of the nineteenth century it was felt that European powers would divide China.
Boxer war -
Due to the manner in which the influence of foreign people was increasing in China, some Chinese country devotees had a strong expectation of reform in their country. All Chinese citizens were hostile to foreigners. In such a situation it was only natural that the feeling of rancor towards foreigners should appear as a rebellion. It was in this situation that a group was formed in China, which is called Boxer in English. Members of this party were determined to expel foreigners from China. Before the end of the year 1899, a violent movement started there. Russia, England, America, Germany, against this movement The combined armies of France and Japan invaded China. In 1901, China had to compromise with foreign states and accept to pay one billion 50 crore rupees to foreign states as compensation. It was to be paid in 39 annual installments. Assured to maintain the integrity of China in European states due to US influence. After the Boxer War, the Chinese government plans to improve governance and military
Cookery After this, Russia tried to increase its influence in Manchuria, which led to deteriorating relations between Russia and Japan. Japan made a treaty with England in 1902 for its protection. The situation in the far-east changed significantly due to the defeat of Russia in the 1904 Russia-Japan war.
The Palace of Imperialism
Although economic and political exploitation of the underdeveloped regions of the world was done by imperialism, but due to this imperialism, revolutionary changes also appeared in the underdeveloped areas. The imperialists. In these areas, he introduced scientific methods in the areas of health, defense, education, advanced transport and communication system and agriculture and industries. Under imperialism, the people of many governed countries were taught not only to use western things, but also to adopt some progressive Western ideas about religion, governance and entertainment. Some imperialist powers also fought against evils like sati, man-eating and slave practice. In contrast, underdeveloped areas also had an impact on the West. Works of rubber, oil, silk, dry fruits and indigenous handicrafts began to be received in greater quantities than before. Many Western artists wrote their literature, Inspired from these areas for painting or music. The Western scientists who have studied these fields gained a lot of knowledge of geography, geology, zoology and medical science. Imperialism aroused a strong sense of nationalism and caused many revolutions in the colonial nations.
Influence of European powers in Africa and Asia
In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries European powers in Africa and Asia had pacified their imperialist hunger to a great extent, but their conquest was not sustainable. Due to these empires, after a few years the countries of the world had to join a great war.
1. Excerpted from Lagger-European Alliances and Alignments, p. 287.
2. Platt and Doomand - History of the World, 1968, p. 526.
3. Kipling wrote a poem in 1899 titled White Men's Burden
4. Platt and Drummond - History of the World, 1968, p.527
5. The Suez Canal was built in 1869 with the effort of a French engineer named The-Lassaps.
6. Moon, P.T. – Imperialism and World Politics – Page 150
7. Platte Ed Drummond - History of the World, page 532 8. Same 1. See Chapter 17 for detailed study.
10. Platte and Drummond - History of the world, p. 542
China and the Western Powers
"The history of China in the second half of the nineteenth century was the history of the forced entry of European imperialists." - Kettleby
was the archetype of new imperialism in Europe in the second half of the nineteenth century. Its nature was mainly national and economic. The new sense of nationalism that had arisen in European states was now taking a very strong form. This imperialism was different from the old imperialism or colonialism. The form of the old colonialism was mainly based on 'commercialism', whose main objective was to obtain sufficient quantity of raw materials from the colonies and sell their finished goods in these colonies.
