Colonialism and imperialism in Asia and Africa in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Italy colonized Libya only because of its sense of national pride. The people of the entire nation contribute very little in building any empire. Few people do the work of building the country. These few people support imperialism only because of their selfish motives. Within the country, a class of such people is formed, which is called the class of vested interests of Imperialism.
(1) Business Class -
The business class of any country always thinks about the progress of its business. These merchants become such an organization that forces the government to do any task for business profit. Such classes were created in the countries of Europe also after the Industrial Revolution. Among them was the important place of businessmen of clothes and iron. They were staunch supporters of imperialism, as they were always looking for new markets to sell their goods. Similarly, the businessmen of arms and ammunition companies also supported imperialism, So that in the event of war, their business can progress. The owners of big ship companies also supported this policy because they needed bases in safe places to get coal or to avoid storms etc. Bank officials also played an important role in the expansion of imperialism. Britain's Rothus Child Bank funded Prime Minister Bijrali to buy a share in the Suez Canal and later pressurized him to establish British authority over the Miss. Some army officers also nurtured the imperialist policy because the colonial war gave them a chance to achieve fame. With the increase in the number of soldiers, the number of high posts will increase and their promotion opportunities will be more. Pressurized him. Some army officers also nurtured the imperialist policy because the colonial war gave them a chance to achieve fame. With the increase in the number of soldiers, the number of high posts will increase and their promotion opportunities will be more. Pressurized him. Some army officers also nurtured the imperialist policy because the colonial war gave them a chance to achieve fame. With the increase in the number of soldiers, the number of high posts will increase and their promotion opportunities will be more.
(2) Nationality -
Nationalism was another reason for the rise of this new imperialism. Inspired by the spirit of nationalism, the diverse states of Europe are eager to expand their power in the world. When Germany and Italy completed their unification and began to industrialize, the Swans were seeing that they too would increase their power by building their own kingdoms like the kingdoms of older nations. France, defeated in the French-Prussian War, hoped that by increasing the colonies, it would be able to regain its past glory. Due to this threat of increasing competition, Britain began to want whatever it had, He should keep it in his hands and expand his empire even further. In response to this, Iya raised the ambitions of many nations towards the rich and empowered British Empire. Many nationalists wanted colonies as military and maritime bases. Therefore, it was the effort of the European powers to establish their empire by conquering the seas and the islands lying in the path. Seeing the map of the world painted from the colonies of our country, even ordinary citizens often blossomed with national pride.
(3) Contribution of Christian missionaries -
Religion has played an important role in the spread of European imperialism. The main purpose of the clergy of Europe was to propagate Christianity. In the Middle Ages, when the tendency of Europeans to 'search for new territories' started, Christian evangelists also joined hands in it. When a traveler named Markopolo went to China, many Christian missionaries also accompanied him. At the beginning of the fourteenth century, many evangelists went to Peking, the capital of China, where they translated the Bible into the Tatar language and converted many of the Tatars into Christianity and prepared them for preaching. Christian clergy were considered a good means of empire expansion. If the priests were insulted in any way, the national government would attack those countries or interfere in their internal rule on the pretext of taking revenge for that insult. For example, When two German Christian priests were killed in China in the second half of the nineteenth century, Germany captured one of its ports to avenge it. The missionaries also directly encouraged imperialism. In this regard, England's doctor David Livingstono is particularly notable. Livingstone explored the regions of the Jembisi and Cago rivers in the hinterland of Africa for nearly twenty years. Before his death in 1873 AD, he sent a message to his countrymen that the land of Africa was suitable for their 'trade and propagation of Christianity.
Cardinal Levigerie of France
Similarly, Cardinal Levigerie of France established the Committee of Missionaries of Africa in Algeria and through it established his religious influence in 'Tunis'. This helped France take control of Tunis. The Belgian clergy likewise laid the background for establishing their kingdom's influence in the region of the Congo.
4. Empire spread under the pretext of "divine religious work to spread its civilization to backward regions -
Some historians believe that among the evangelists, some people were true religious and human lovers and they also did real services to humanity. Thousands of missionaries, teachers and doctors and others dedicated their lives to help the backward people. But under the guise of saving the underdeveloped people or under the guise of philanthropic and humanitarian efforts, the states of Europe expanded their empire. France described its colonial expansion policy as' the act of expanding civilization, Italy declared it to be a sacred duty, England called it the White Men's Burden or obligation.
(C) The trend of geographical discoveries started in Europe from the geographical renaissance period. Its complete development took place till the end of the nineteenth century.
